What is happening here?
Paul warns people who judge others while practicing sin that God’s judgment is according to truth and without respect of persons. Gentiles without the Mosaic law still show moral awareness through conscience, while Jews possessing the law are accountable to obey the law they boast in. Circumcision has value only within covenant obedience; outward identity alone cannot shield a transgressor. Paul ends by distinguishing outward marks from the heart reality God sees.
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