Proverbs 21:29
A wicked man hardeneth his face: but as for the upright, he directeth his way.
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Hardeneth
Begin with the exact English word as it appears in the King James Bible. Follow its whole-Bible usage, book distribution, related indexed forms, Webster 1828, every occurrence, and the occurrence-specific Hebrew/Aramaic/Greek mappings behind it.
Romans 9:18
Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.
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3 occurrences in 3 verses.
Browse those occurrences →Where hardeneth appears.
This is exact English-word usage from the canonical KJV token index, not a Strong's estimate.
Which Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek words stand behind this KJV word?
These relationships come from exact verse + token-position mappings. We do not assume that one English spelling always equals one Strong's number. A single English token can also carry more than one source tag, so the Strong's-link total can exceed the number of English occurrences.
קָשָׁה
qâshâh · kaw-shaw'
2 times translated as this KJV form28 total Strong's occurrences
properly, to be dense, i.e. tough or severe (in various applications)
Strong's KJV usage: be cruel, be fiercer, make grievous, be ((ask a), be in, have, seem, would) hard(-en, (labour), -ly, thing), be sore, (be, make) stiff(-en, (-necked)).
Other KJV renderings
Strong's first: Proverbs 28:14Strong's last: Proverbs 29:1
Open full H7185 profile →σκληρύνω
sklērýnō · sklay-roo'-no
1 times translated as this KJV form6 total Strong's occurrences
to indurate, i.e. (figuratively) render stubborn
Strong's KJV usage: :--harden.
Other KJV renderings
Strong's first: Romans 9:18Strong's last: Romans 9:18
Open full G4645 profile →עָזַז
ʻâzaz · aw-zaz'
1 times translated as this KJV form12 total Strong's occurrences
to be stout (literally or figuratively)
Strong's KJV usage: harden, impudent, prevail, strengthen (self), be strong.
Other KJV renderings
Strong's first: Proverbs 21:29Strong's last: Proverbs 21:29
Open full H5810 profile →Strong's data is a concordance/lexical reference layer. Scripture context controls interpretation. Lexical source data is shown separately from future TWBC editorial teaching.
Read the word in context.
4 occurrences match the current filters. Each row keeps its exact KJV token position so Original Word and TSK remain occurrence-specific.
H5810
A wicked man hardeneth his face: but as for the upright, he directeth his way.
H7185
Happy is the man that feareth alway: but he that hardeneth his heart shall fall into mischief.
H7185
He, that being often reproved hardeneth his neck, shall suddenly be destroyed, and that without remedy.
G4645
Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.
English meaning and historical usage.
Dictionary data is kept visibly separate from Scripture and from lexical Strong's data.
harden
H'ARDEN, verb transitive h'ardn. To make hard or more hard; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden iron or steel; to harden clay.
1. To confirm in effrontery; to make impudent; as, to harden the face.
2. To make obstinate, unyielding or refractory; as, to harden the neck. Jeremiah 19:15.
3. To confirm in wickedness, opposition or enmity; to make obdurate.
Why then do ye harden your hearts, as Pharaoh and the Egyptians hardened their hearts? 1 Samuel 6:6.
So God is said to harden the heart, when he withdraws the influences of his spirit from men, and leaves them to pursue their own corrupt inclinations.
4. To make insensible or unfeeling; as, to harden one against impressions of pity or tenderness.
5. To make firm; to endure with constancy.
I would harden myself in sorrow. Job 6:10.
6. To inure; to render firm or less liable to injury, by exposure or use; as, to harden to a climate or to labor.
H'ARDEN, verb intransitive h'ardn. To become hard or more hard; to acquire solidity or more compactness. Mortar hardens by drying.
1. To become unfeeling.
2. To become inured.
3. To indurate, as flesh.
Noah Webster, An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). A conservative base-form lookup may be used when the exact inflected KJV form is not a Webster headword.
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