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BOOK 9 OF 66 · HISTORY · KING JAMES BIBLE

1 Samuel 14

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REVIEWED OVERVIEW

1 Samuel 14 Overview

Jonathan and his armourbearer secretly climb toward a Philistine garrison, trusting that the LORD can save ‘by many or by few.’ Their bold attack contributes to a panic that spreads through the Philistine camp. Saul then complicates the victory with a rash oath forbidding food until evening; Jonathan unknowingly violates it, and the people finally prevent Saul from executing his own son.

1 SamuelBook
14Chapter
52Verses
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Before you read 1 Samuel 14

Coming from

Chapter 13 ended with Israel badly outmatched militarily and Saul under judgment for refusing to wait on the LORD’s command.

In this chapter

Jonathan acts in faith and courage while Saul’s impulsive oath drains the army and nearly costs Jonathan his life, creating a strong contrast inside Saul’s own household.

Leads into

Chapter 15 brings Saul’s decisive royal failure in the Amalekite campaign, where partial obedience and self-justification lead to a renewed declaration that the LORD has rejected him from being king.

Key understandingExplore deeper

Jonathan’s statement that nothing restrains the LORD from saving by many or by few is made in a concrete military crisis and fits the chapter’s emphasis on God’s power over numerical weakness. By contrast, Saul’s oath is self-imposed and not commanded by God. It weakens hungry soldiers, creates a needless death sentence for Jonathan, and contributes to the people later eating meat with the blood because of extreme hunger. The narrative is not celebrating every act of zeal; it is evaluating leadership by its consequences and relation to God’s commands.

Major truths in this chapterExplore deeper

Truth 1

Trust in the LORD is not the same as passivity; Jonathan acts courageously while recognizing that victory belongs to God.

Truth 2

Rash religious vows can burden people rather than help them obey God.

Truth 3

A leader’s personal oath does not become morally infallible merely because it invokes the LORD’s name.

Truth 4

The people’s rescue of Jonathan shows that Saul’s command can be resisted when its injustice becomes obvious.

Connections to the rest of ScriptureExplore deeper

Connection 1

Judges 7 similarly shows the LORD delivering by a small force so that numerical strength cannot claim the glory, though Jonathan’s event has its own details.

Connection 2

Leviticus 17:10–14 explains the prohibition against consuming blood, helping explain the concern when the famished soldiers begin eating improperly.

Connection 3

Ecclesiastes 5:2–6 and Proverbs 20:25 later warn about rash vows and hasty consecration, themes vividly illustrated by Saul’s oath.

What is clear, and where care is neededExplore deeper

Keep this clear 1

Do not imitate Jonathan’s sign with the Philistines as a universal guidance method. The narrative records a specific act in wartime, not a command to invent signs for decisions.

Keep this clear 2

Saul’s oath is not automatically righteous because it sounds zealous. Scripture itself shows the damaging consequences of the oath.

Keep this clear 3

The chapter’s deliverance is national and military. It should not be turned into a formula that boldness guarantees physical victory in every dangerous situation.

Read 1 Samuel 14 watching for…

Jonathan’s reasoning before he climbs toward the Philistines.

How the initial two-man attack expands into a larger rout.

The effect Saul’s oath has on the army.

Why Jonathan is unaware of the oath.

How the people respond when Saul is prepared to put Jonathan to death.

The closing summary of Saul’s continuing wars.

TWBC REVIEW STANDARD

Plain language. Scripture first. Fact distinguished from inference. No filler. No fake certainty. Designed to help you read the Bible itself.

Chapter outline5 sections
1-15Jonathan and his armourbearer attack a Philistine garrison by faith16-23Confusion spreads in the Philistine camp, and Israel joins the battle24-35Saul’s rash oath troubles the people, and Jonathan tastes honey36-46Saul seeks an answer, Jonathan is condemned by the oath, and the people rescue him47-52Saul fights Israel’s enemies, and his family and officers are named
1

Now it came to pass upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bare his armour, Come, and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on the other side. But he told not his father.

2

And Saul tarried in the uttermost part of Gibeah under a pomegranate tree which is in Migron: and the people that were with him were about six hundred men;

3

And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD's priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.

4

And between the passages, by which Jonathan sought to go over unto the Philistines' garrison, there was a sharp rock on the one side, and a sharp rock on the other side: and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.

5

The forefront of the one was situate northward over against Michmash, and the other southward over against Gibeah.

6

And Jonathan said to the young man that bare his armour, Come, and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised: it may be that the LORD will work for us: for there is no restraint to the LORD to save by many or by few.

7

And his armourbearer said unto him, Do all that is in thine heart: turn thee; behold, I am with thee according to thy heart.

8

Then said Jonathan, Behold, we will pass over unto these men, and we will discover ourselves unto them.

9

If they say thus unto us, Tarry until we come to you; then we will stand still in our place, and will not go up unto them.

10

But if they say thus, Come up unto us; then we will go up: for the LORD hath delivered them into our hand: and this shall be a sign unto us.

11

And both of them discovered themselves unto the garrison of the Philistines: and the Philistines said, Behold, the Hebrews come forth out of the holes where they had hid themselves.

12

And the men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armourbearer, and said, Come up to us, and we will shew you a thing. And Jonathan said unto his armourbearer, Come up after me: for the LORD hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.

13

And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his armourbearer after him: and they fell before Jonathan; and his armourbearer slew after him.

14

And that first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armourbearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow.

15

And there was trembling in the host, in the field, and among all the people: the garrison, and the spoilers, they also trembled, and the earth quaked: so it was a very great trembling.

16

And the watchmen of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin looked; and, behold, the multitude melted away, and they went on beating down one another.

17

Then said Saul unto the people that were with him, Number now, and see who is gone from us. And when they had numbered, behold, Jonathan and his armourbearer were not there.

18

And Saul said unto Ahiah, Bring hither the ark of God. For the ark of God was at that time with the children of Israel.

19

And it came to pass, while Saul talked unto the priest, that the noise that was in the host of the Philistines went on and increased: and Saul said unto the priest, Withdraw thine hand.

20

And Saul and all the people that were with him assembled themselves, and they came to the battle: and, behold, every man's sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great discomfiture.

21

Moreover the Hebrews that were with the Philistines before that time, which went up with them into the camp from the country round about, even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan.

22

Likewise all the men of Israel which had hid themselves in mount Ephraim, when they heard that the Philistines fled, even they also followed hard after them in the battle.

23

So the LORD saved Israel that day: and the battle passed over unto Bethaven.

24

And the men of Israel were distressed that day: for Saul had adjured the people, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food until evening, that I may be avenged on mine enemies. So none of the people tasted any food.

25

And all they of the land came to a wood; and there was honey upon the ground.

26

And when the people were come into the wood, behold, the honey dropped; but no man put his hand to his mouth: for the people feared the oath.

27

But Jonathan heard not when his father charged the people with the oath: wherefore he put forth the end of the rod that was in his hand, and dipped it in an honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes were enlightened.

28

Then answered one of the people, and said, Thy father straitly charged the people with an oath, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food this day. And the people were faint.

29

Then said Jonathan, My father hath troubled the land: see, I pray you, how mine eyes have been enlightened, because I tasted a little of this honey.

30

How much more, if haply the people had eaten freely to day of the spoil of their enemies which they found? for had there not been now a much greater slaughter among the Philistines?

31

And they smote the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon: and the people were very faint.

32

And the people flew upon the spoil, and took sheep, and oxen, and calves, and slew them on the ground: and the people did eat them with the blood.

33

Then they told Saul, saying, Behold, the people sin against the LORD, in that they eat with the blood. And he said, Ye have transgressed: roll a great stone unto me this day.

34

And Saul said, Disperse yourselves among the people, and say unto them, Bring me hither every man his ox, and every man his sheep, and slay them here, and eat; and sin not against the LORD in eating with the blood. And all the people brought every man his ox with him that night, and slew them there.

35

And Saul built an altar unto the LORD: the same was the first altar that he built unto the LORD.

36

And Saul said, Let us go down after the Philistines by night, and spoil them until the morning light, and let us not leave a man of them. And they said, Do whatsoever seemeth good unto thee. Then said the priest, Let us draw near hither unto God.

37

And Saul asked counsel of God, Shall I go down after the Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into the hand of Israel? But he answered him not that day.

38

And Saul said, Draw ye near hither, all the chief of the people: and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day.

39

For, as the LORD liveth, which saveth Israel, though it be in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die. But there was not a man among all the people that answered him.

40

Then said he unto all Israel, Be ye on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side. And the people said unto Saul, Do what seemeth good unto thee.

41

Therefore Saul said unto the LORD God of Israel, Give a perfect lot. And Saul and Jonathan were taken: but the people escaped.

42

And Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was taken.

43

Then Saul said to Jonathan, Tell me what thou hast done. And Jonathan told him, and said, I did but taste a little honey with the end of the rod that was in mine hand, and, lo, I must die.

44

And Saul answered, God do so and more also: for thou shalt surely die, Jonathan.

45

And the people said unto Saul, Shall Jonathan die, who hath wrought this great salvation in Israel? God forbid: as the LORD liveth, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground; for he hath wrought with God this day. So the people rescued Jonathan, that he died not.

46

Then Saul went up from following the Philistines: and the Philistines went to their own place.

47

So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines: and whithersoever he turned himself, he vexed them.

48

And he gathered an host, and smote the Amalekites, and delivered Israel out of the hands of them that spoiled them.

49

Now the sons of Saul were Jonathan, and Ishui, and Melchishua: and the names of his two daughters were these; the name of the firstborn Merab, and the name of the younger Michal:

50

And the name of Saul's wife was Ahinoam, the daughter of Ahimaaz: and the name of the captain of his host was Abner, the son of Ner, Saul's uncle.

51

And Kish was the father of Saul; and Ner the father of Abner was the son of Abiel.

52

And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul: and when Saul saw any strong man, or any valiant man, he took him unto him.

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1 Samuel 14:34

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