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BOOK 9 OF 66 · HISTORY · KING JAMES BIBLE

1 Samuel 25

1 Samuel book home•Chapter 25 of 31•44 verses
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REVIEWED OVERVIEW

1 Samuel 25 Overview

After Samuel dies, David’s men ask wealthy Nabal for provisions in return for the protection they had effectively provided his shepherds. Nabal answers with contempt, and David angrily prepares to kill every male in Nabal’s household. Nabal’s wife Abigail intercepts David with food and a wise appeal that stops him from bloodguilt and personal vengeance. Nabal later dies after the LORD strikes him, and David marries Abigail.

1 SamuelBook
25Chapter
44Verses
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Before you read 1 Samuel 25

Coming from

Chapter 24 showed David refusing to take vengeance on Saul even when Saul was completely within his power.

In this chapter

David is tested again on vengeance, but this time anger nearly carries him into a massacre until Abigail’s intervention reminds him to leave judgment with the LORD.

Leads into

Chapter 26 returns to Saul’s pursuit and gives David another opportunity to kill him, reinforcing the theme that David must not seize the kingdom through personal bloodshed.

Key understandingExplore deeper

Nabal’s name and behavior mark him as a fool in the narrative, but his foolish insult does not justify David’s planned response. Abigail’s speech is important because she does more than calm tempers: she frames David’s future in light of the LORD’s promise and warns him not to enter the kingship carrying needless bloodguilt from personal revenge. The chapter then distinguishes divine judgment from David’s vengeance when Nabal dies without David killing him.

Major truths in this chapterExplore deeper

Truth 1

A person can act rightly in one test and still fail badly in a similar test soon afterward; David’s restraint with Saul does not make him immune to anger with Nabal.

Truth 2

Wise intervention can prevent serious sin when anger has narrowed a person’s judgment.

Truth 3

Abigail appeals to David’s future calling and asks him to act now in a way he will not later regret.

Truth 4

The LORD’s judgment on Nabal allows David to recognize that he was right not to avenge himself.

Connections to the rest of ScriptureExplore deeper

Connection 1

Proverbs 15:1 says a soft answer turns away wrath, and Abigail’s careful, humble speech provides a strong narrative example of wise peacemaking.

Connection 2

Romans 12:19 later commands against personal vengeance; David’s relief after the LORD judges Nabal illustrates the wisdom of leaving vengeance with God.

Connection 3

1 Chronicles 3:1 lists Abigail among David’s wives and connects this wilderness episode to the later royal family record.

What is clear, and where care is neededExplore deeper

Keep this clear 1

Nabal’s refusal to give provisions is selfish and insulting, but David’s plan to kill all the males in the household is not therefore justified. The text allows both men to be wrong in different ways.

Keep this clear 2

Abigail’s wise action should not be twisted into a general rule that a wife must always act independently of her husband; the chapter describes an emergency created by Nabal’s dangerous folly.

Keep this clear 3

David’s multiple marriages are reported as part of the history. Description is not endorsement of polygamy as God’s creation pattern for marriage.

Read 1 Samuel 25 watching for…

What David’s men had done for Nabal’s shepherds.

The tone of Nabal’s answer.

How extreme David’s planned retaliation becomes.

The main arguments Abigail uses to restrain David.

David’s response to Abigail’s intervention.

The difference between David killing Nabal and the LORD judging Nabal.

TWBC REVIEW STANDARD

Plain language. Scripture first. Fact distinguished from inference. No filler. No fake certainty. Designed to help you read the Bible itself.

Chapter outline7 sections
1Samuel dies, and Israel mourns for him2-11Nabal refuses David’s request despite the protection David’s men gave12-17David prepares to strike Nabal, and a servant warns Abigail18-31Abigail meets David with gifts and asks him not to shed blood32-35David blesses Abigail’s counsel and accepts her gift36-38Nabal learns what happened, and the LORD smites him39-44David marries Abigail and Ahinoam, while Michal is given to another man
1

And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran.

2

And there was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep, and a thousand goats: and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.

3

Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance: but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was of the house of Caleb.

4

And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal did shear his sheep.

5

And David sent out ten young men, and David said unto the young men, Get you up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name:

6

And thus shall ye say to him that liveth in prosperity, Peace be both to thee, and peace be to thine house, and peace be unto all that thou hast.

7

And now I have heard that thou hast shearers: now thy shepherds which were with us, we hurt them not, neither was there ought missing unto them, all the while they were in Carmel.

8

Ask thy young men, and they will shew thee. Wherefore let the young men find favour in thine eyes: for we come in a good day: give, I pray thee, whatsoever cometh to thine hand unto thy servants, and to thy son David.

9

And when David's young men came, they spake to Nabal according to all those words in the name of David, and ceased.

10

And Nabal answered David's servants, and said, Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there be many servants now a days that break away every man from his master.

11

Shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give it unto men, whom I know not whence they be?

12

So David's young men turned their way, and went again, and came and told him all those sayings.

13

And David said unto his men, Gird ye on every man his sword. And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword: and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the stuff.

14

But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying, Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he railed on them.

15

But the men were very good unto us, and we were not hurt, neither missed we any thing, as long as we were conversant with them, when we were in the fields:

16

They were a wall unto us both by night and day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep.

17

Now therefore know and consider what thou wilt do; for evil is determined against our master, and against all his household: for he is such a son of Belial, that a man cannot speak to him.

18

Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched corn, and an hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on asses.

19

And she said unto her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal.

20

And it was so, as she rode on the ass, that she came down by the covert of the hill, and, behold, David and his men came down against her; and she met them.

21

Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath requited me evil for good.

22

So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.

23

And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground,

24

And fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, upon me let this iniquity be: and let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine audience, and hear the words of thine handmaid.

25

Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, even Nabal: for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name, and folly is with him: but I thine handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send.

26

Now therefore, my lord, as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, seeing the LORD hath withholden thee from coming to shed blood, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand, now let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal.

27

And now this blessing which thine handmaid hath brought unto my lord, let it even be given unto the young men that follow my lord.

28

I pray thee, forgive the trespass of thine handmaid: for the LORD will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord fighteth the battles of the LORD, and evil hath not been found in thee all thy days.

29

Yet a man is risen to pursue thee, and to seek thy soul: but the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with the LORD thy God; and the souls of thine enemies, them shall he sling out, as out of the middle of a sling.

30

And it shall come to pass, when the LORD shall have done to my lord according to all the good that he hath spoken concerning thee, and shall have appointed thee ruler over Israel;

31

That this shall be no grief unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord, either that thou hast shed blood causeless, or that my lord hath avenged himself: but when the LORD shall have dealt well with my lord, then remember thine handmaid.

32

And David said to Abigail, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which sent thee this day to meet me:

33

And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to shed blood, and from avenging myself with mine own hand.

34

For in very deed, as the LORD God of Israel liveth, which hath kept me back from hurting thee, except thou hadst hasted and come to meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.

35

So David received of her hand that which she had brought him, and said unto her, Go up in peace to thine house; see, I have hearkened to thy voice, and have accepted thy person.

36

And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal's heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken: wherefore she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light.

37

But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone.

38

And it came to pass about ten days after, that the LORD smote Nabal, that he died.

39

And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept his servant from evil: for the LORD hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

40

And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spake unto her, saying, David sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.

41

And she arose, and bowed herself on her face to the earth, and said, Behold, let thine handmaid be a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord.

42

And Abigail hasted, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that went after her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.

43

David also took Ahinoam of Jezreel; and they were also both of them his wives.

44

But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Phalti the son of Laish, which was of Gallim.

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1 Samuel 25:31

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