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BOOK 10 OF 66 · HISTORY · KING JAMES BIBLE

2 Samuel 12

2 Samuel book home•Chapter 12 of 24•31 verses
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REVIEWED OVERVIEW

2 Samuel 12 Overview

Nathan confronts David with a parable about a rich man who steals a poor man’s beloved lamb. David condemns the offender, and Nathan answers, ‘Thou art the man.’ David confesses his sin; Nathan tells him the LORD has put away his sin and that he will not die, yet severe temporal consequences will strike his house and the child born from the adultery dies. Later Bathsheba bears Solomon, the LORD loves him, and Rabbah is finally taken.

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31Verses
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Before you read 2 Samuel 12

Coming from

Chapter 11 ended with David’s adultery, Uriah’s arranged death, David’s marriage to Bathsheba, and the LORD’s displeasure.

In this chapter

God exposes what David concealed, forgives the repentant king in the sense that the announced death penalty is not carried out on David, yet does not remove the serious consequences that flow through his family and kingdom.

Leads into

Chapter 13 begins those household consequences as Amnon violates Tamar and Absalom eventually takes revenge by killing Amnon.

Key understandingExplore deeper

Nathan’s parable draws David into recognizing injustice before applying the charge directly. The sentence ‘The LORD also hath put away thy sin; thou shalt not die’ distinguishes forgiveness from the removal of all temporal consequences. David’s fasting for the child is a plea for mercy while the outcome is still open; once the child dies, David resumes ordinary worship and life because the matter has been decided. Solomon’s birth shows that the story does not end with judgment, though later peace in the household will be deeply disrupted.

Major truths in this chapterExplore deeper

Truth 1

Hidden sin remains accountable to God even when human concealment initially succeeds.

Truth 2

Confession and forgiveness do not always erase earthly consequences of wrongdoing.

Truth 3

Nathan speaks truth to a powerful king without softening the charge: ‘Thou art the man.’

Truth 4

David accepts the finality of the child’s death and returns to worship rather than treating fasting as a mechanism that can force God’s decision.

Connections to the rest of ScriptureExplore deeper

Connection 1

Psalm 51 is directly associated in its title with Nathan coming to David after David had gone in to Bathsheba and provides an extended confession of sin.

Connection 2

Psalm 32 describes the burden of concealed sin and the blessing of forgiveness and has long been read alongside David’s experience of confession.

Connection 3

1 Chronicles 22:9–10 later identifies Solomon as the son who will build the temple and receive a special Davidic succession role.

What is clear, and where care is neededExplore deeper

Keep this clear 1

‘The LORD hath put away thy sin’ must not be flattened into the claim that consequences no longer matter. The same passage immediately announces continuing temporal judgment.

Keep this clear 2

David’s statement, ‘I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me,’ clearly recognizes the irreversibility of the child’s death and David’s own future death. Do not make the single line carry more detailed teaching about the afterlife than the context explicitly supplies.

Keep this clear 3

The child’s death is a unique judgment within David’s covenant history. It should not be used to claim that every child’s suffering is punishment for a parent’s specific sin.

Read 2 Samuel 12 watching for…

How Nathan’s parable mirrors David’s abuse of power.

David’s own verdict before Nathan identifies him.

The distinction between forgiveness and temporal consequences.

David’s behavior before and after the child dies.

The names and divine notice associated with Solomon.

How the chapter returns to the Ammonite war begun before David’s sin.

TWBC REVIEW STANDARD

Plain language. Scripture first. Fact distinguished from inference. No filler. No fake certainty. Designed to help you read the Bible itself.

Chapter outline5 sections
1-6Nathan confronts David with the parable of the ewe lamb7-15Nathan declares David’s sin and the judgment that will follow16-23David fasts for the child, and the child dies24-25Solomon is born and loved by the LORD26-31David completes the conquest of Rabbah
1

And the LORD sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and said unto him, There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.

2

The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds:

3

But the poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own meat, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter.

4

And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him; but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him.

5

And David's anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he said to Nathan, As the LORD liveth, the man that hath done this thing shall surely die:

6

And he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity.

7

And Nathan said to David, Thou art the man. Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I anointed thee king over Israel, and I delivered thee out of the hand of Saul;

8

And I gave thee thy master's house, and thy master's wives into thy bosom, and gave thee the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that had been too little, I would moreover have given unto thee such and such things.

9

Wherefore hast thou despised the commandment of the LORD, to do evil in his sight? thou hast killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and hast taken his wife to be thy wife, and hast slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.

10

Now therefore the sword shall never depart from thine house; because thou hast despised me, and hast taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be thy wife.

11

Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house, and I will take thy wives before thine eyes, and give them unto thy neighbour, and he shall lie with thy wives in the sight of this sun.

12

For thou didst it secretly: but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun.

13

And David said unto Nathan, I have sinned against the LORD. And Nathan said unto David, The LORD also hath put away thy sin; thou shalt not die.

14

Howbeit, because by this deed thou hast given great occasion to the enemies of the LORD to blaspheme, the child also that is born unto thee shall surely die.

15

And Nathan departed unto his house. And the LORD struck the child that Uriah's wife bare unto David, and it was very sick.

16

David therefore besought God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night upon the earth.

17

And the elders of his house arose, and went to him, to raise him up from the earth: but he would not, neither did he eat bread with them.

18

And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died. And the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead: for they said, Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spake unto him, and he would not hearken unto our voice: how will he then vex himself, if we tell him that the child is dead?

19

But when David saw that his servants whispered, David perceived that the child was dead: therefore David said unto his servants, Is the child dead? And they said, He is dead.

20

Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed himself, and changed his apparel, and came into the house of the LORD, and worshipped: then he came to his own house; and when he required, they set bread before him, and he did eat.

21

Then said his servants unto him, What thing is this that thou hast done? thou didst fast and weep for the child, while it was alive; but when the child was dead, thou didst rise and eat bread.

22

And he said, While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept: for I said, Who can tell whether GOD will be gracious to me, that the child may live?

23

But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me.

24

And David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in unto her, and lay with her: and she bare a son, and he called his name Solomon: and the LORD loved him.

25

And he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet; and he called his name Jedidiah, because of the LORD.

26

And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.

27

And Joab sent messengers to David, and said, I have fought against Rabbah, and have taken the city of waters.

28

Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city, and take it: lest I take the city, and it be called after my name.

29

And David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and fought against it, and took it.

30

And he took their king's crown from off his head, the weight whereof was a talent of gold with the precious stones: and it was set on David's head. And he brought forth the spoil of the city in great abundance.

31

And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln: and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. So David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem.

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2 Samuel 12:26

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