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BOOK 7 OF 66 · HISTORY · KING JAMES BIBLE

Judges 20

Judges book home•Chapter 20 of 21•48 verses
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REVIEWED OVERVIEW

Judges 20 Overview

All Israel gathers to hear the Levite’s accusation and demands that Benjamin surrender the wicked men of Gibeah. Benjamin refuses and instead musters for war. Israel suffers devastating defeats in the first two battles despite seeking the LORD, then fasts, offers sacrifices, and inquires again. On the third day Israel uses an ambush and destroys nearly the entire tribe of Benjamin, leaving only six hundred men alive at the rock Rimmon.

JudgesBook
20Chapter
48Verses
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Before you read Judges 20

Coming from

Chapter 19 ended with the mutilated body of the Levite’s concubine sent throughout Israel after her abuse and death at Gibeah.

In this chapter

National outrage becomes civil war when Benjamin protects Gibeah, and the attempt to punish one city grows into near-destruction of an entire tribe.

Leads into

Chapter 21 confronts the unintended consequence of the war: Israel now grieves that one tribe may disappear and devises troubling solutions to preserve Benjamin.

Key understandingExplore deeper

Israel’s cause against the men of Gibeah is rooted in real wickedness, but Judges 20 does not present the entire war as morally simple. The tribes repeatedly inquire of God and still suffer severe losses before the final victory, reminding the reader that possessing a just grievance does not mean every strategy, attitude, or consequence is automatically approved. Phinehas, son of Eleazar, appears in verse 28, suggesting this crisis belongs relatively early in the judges period even though it is placed near the end of the book for thematic reasons.

Major truths in this chapterExplore deeper

Truth 1

Refusing to deal with known wickedness can spread guilt and conflict far beyond the original offenders.

Truth 2

Tribal loyalty becomes destructive when Benjamin protects Gibeah instead of surrendering the guilty men for judgment.

Truth 3

A just demand for accountability can still produce catastrophic consequences when conflict expands into total war.

Truth 4

Israel’s repeated defeats show that asking God a question does not reduce him to a guarantee of immediate success on human terms.

Connections to the rest of ScriptureExplore deeper

Connection 1

Deuteronomy 13:12–18 and 17:2–7 provide legal background for purging serious covenant wickedness from Israel, though the Gibeah case has its own specific facts.

Connection 2

Hosea 10:9 again invokes Gibeah as a remembered point of national sin and battle.

Connection 3

Judges 21 shows that victory over Benjamin creates a new national crisis, proving that the story cannot be read as ending triumphantly at the battlefield.

What is clear, and where care is neededExplore deeper

Keep this clear 1

Do not assume that because Israel inquires of the LORD, every aspect of Israel’s conduct in the war is therefore righteous. The narrative’s broader setting is national disorder.

Keep this clear 2

The near-extermination of Benjamin is a temporal national catastrophe, not a picture of loss of eternal salvation.

Keep this clear 3

The presence of Phinehas may indicate an early chronological setting; Judges arranges some material thematically, so the final chapters should not automatically be assumed to occur after Samson.

Read Judges 20 watching for…

How united Israel is at the beginning of the chapter.

Benjamin’s response to the demand concerning the men of Gibeah.

The heavy Israelite losses in the first two battles.

What changes in Israel’s seeking before the third battle.

How few Benjamite men remain after the victory.

TWBC REVIEW STANDARD

Plain language. Scripture first. Fact distinguished from inference. No filler. No fake certainty. Designed to help you read the Bible itself.

Chapter outline6 sections
1-11Israel assembles and hears the Levite’s account of Gibeah12-17Benjamin refuses to surrender the guilty men and prepares for battle18-25Israel seeks the LORD but loses the first two battles26-28Israel fasts, offers sacrifices, and asks the LORD again29-35Israel uses an ambush and defeats Benjamin36-48Benjamin is pursued, and its cities are struck and burned
1

Then all the children of Israel went out, and the congregation was gathered together as one man, from Dan even to Beersheba, with the land of Gilead, unto the LORD in Mizpeh.

2

And the chief of all the people, even of all the tribes of Israel, presented themselves in the assembly of the people of God, four hundred thousand footmen that drew sword.

3

(Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel were gone up to Mizpeh.) Then said the children of Israel, Tell us, how was this wickedness?

4

And the Levite, the husband of the woman that was slain, answered and said, I came into Gibeah that belongeth to Benjamin, I and my concubine, to lodge.

5

And the men of Gibeah rose against me, and beset the house round about upon me by night, and thought to have slain me: and my concubine have they forced, that she is dead.

6

And I took my concubine, and cut her in pieces, and sent her throughout all the country of the inheritance of Israel: for they have committed lewdness and folly in Israel.

7

Behold, ye are all children of Israel; give here your advice and counsel.

8

And all the people arose as one man, saying, We will not any of us go to his tent, neither will we any of us turn into his house.

9

But now this shall be the thing which we will do to Gibeah; we will go up by lot against it;

10

And we will take ten men of an hundred throughout all the tribes of Israel, and an hundred of a thousand, and a thousand out of ten thousand, to fetch victual for the people, that they may do, when they come to Gibeah of Benjamin, according to all the folly that they have wrought in Israel.

11

So all the men of Israel were gathered against the city, knit together as one man.

12

And the tribes of Israel sent men through all the tribe of Benjamin, saying, What wickedness is this that is done among you?

13

Now therefore deliver us the men, the children of Belial, which are in Gibeah, that we may put them to death, and put away evil from Israel. But the children of Benjamin would not hearken to the voice of their brethren the children of Israel:

14

But the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together out of the cities unto Gibeah, to go out to battle against the children of Israel.

15

And the children of Benjamin were numbered at that time out of the cities twenty and six thousand men that drew sword, beside the inhabitants of Gibeah, which were numbered seven hundred chosen men.

16

Among all this people there were seven hundred chosen men lefthanded; every one could sling stones at an hair breadth, and not miss.

17

And the men of Israel, beside Benjamin, were numbered four hundred thousand men that drew sword: all these were men of war.

18

And the children of Israel arose, and went up to the house of God, and asked counsel of God, and said, Which of us shall go up first to the battle against the children of Benjamin? And the LORD said, Judah shall go up first.

19

And the children of Israel rose up in the morning, and encamped against Gibeah.

20

And the men of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin; and the men of Israel put themselves in array to fight against them at Gibeah.

21

And the children of Benjamin came forth out of Gibeah, and destroyed down to the ground of the Israelites that day twenty and two thousand men.

22

And the people the men of Israel encouraged themselves, and set their battle again in array in the place where they put themselves in array the first day.

23

(And the children of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until even, and asked counsel of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up again to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother? And the LORD said, Go up against him.)

24

And the children of Israel came near against the children of Benjamin the second day.

25

And Benjamin went forth against them out of Gibeah the second day, and destroyed down to the ground of the children of Israel again eighteen thousand men; all these drew the sword.

26

Then all the children of Israel, and all the people, went up, and came unto the house of God, and wept, and sat there before the LORD, and fasted that day until even, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD.

27

And the children of Israel inquired of the LORD, (for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days,

28

And Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, stood before it in those days,) saying, Shall I yet again go out to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother, or shall I cease? And the LORD said, Go up; for to morrow I will deliver them into thine hand.

29

And Israel set liers in wait round about Gibeah.

30

And the children of Israel went up against the children of Benjamin on the third day, and put themselves in array against Gibeah, as at other times.

31

And the children of Benjamin went out against the people, and were drawn away from the city; and they began to smite of the people, and kill, as at other times, in the highways, of which one goeth up to the house of God, and the other to Gibeah in the field, about thirty men of Israel.

32

And the children of Benjamin said, They are smitten down before us, as at the first. But the children of Israel said, Let us flee, and draw them from the city unto the highways.

33

And all the men of Israel rose up out of their place, and put themselves in array at Baaltamar: and the liers in wait of Israel came forth out of their places, even out of the meadows of Gibeah.

34

And there came against Gibeah ten thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and the battle was sore: but they knew not that evil was near them.

35

And the LORD smote Benjamin before Israel: and the children of Israel destroyed of the Benjamites that day twenty and five thousand and an hundred men: all these drew the sword.

36

So the children of Benjamin saw that they were smitten: for the men of Israel gave place to the Benjamites, because they trusted unto the liers in wait which they had set beside Gibeah.

37

And the liers in wait hasted, and rushed upon Gibeah; and the liers in wait drew themselves along, and smote all the city with the edge of the sword.

38

Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the liers in wait, that they should make a great flame with smoke rise up out of the city.

39

And when the men of Israel retired in the battle, Benjamin began to smite and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons: for they said, Surely they are smitten down before us, as in the first battle.

40

But when the flame began to arise up out of the city with a pillar of smoke, the Benjamites looked behind them, and, behold, the flame of the city ascended up to heaven.

41

And when the men of Israel turned again, the men of Benjamin were amazed: for they saw that evil was come upon them.

42

Therefore they turned their backs before the men of Israel unto the way of the wilderness; but the battle overtook them; and them which came out of the cities they destroyed in the midst of them.

43

Thus they inclosed the Benjamites round about, and chased them, and trode them down with ease over against Gibeah toward the sunrising.

44

And there fell of Benjamin eighteen thousand men; all these were men of valour.

45

And they turned and fled toward the wilderness unto the rock of Rimmon: and they gleaned of them in the highways five thousand men; and pursued hard after them unto Gidom, and slew two thousand men of them.

46

So that all which fell that day of Benjamin were twenty and five thousand men that drew the sword; all these were men of valour.

47

But six hundred men turned and fled to the wilderness unto the rock Rimmon, and abode in the rock Rimmon four months.

48

And the men of Israel turned again upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, as well the men of every city, as the beast, and all that came to hand: also they set on fire all the cities that they came to.

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Judges 20:31

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