Genesis 1:7
And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.
Read in context →Begin with the exact English word as it appears in the King James Bible. Follow its whole-Bible usage, book distribution, related indexed forms, Webster 1828, every occurrence, and the occurrence-specific Hebrew/Aramaic/Greek mappings behind it.
And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.
Read in context →He which testifieth these things saith, Surely I come quickly. Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus.
Read in context →96 occurrences in 95 verses.
Browse those occurrences →This is exact English-word usage from the canonical KJV token index, not a Strong's estimate.
These relationships come from exact verse + token-position mappings. We do not assume that one English spelling always equals one Strong's number. A single English token can also carry more than one source tag, so the Strong's-link total can exceed the number of English occurrences.
hoútō · hoo'-to
in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)
Strong's KJV usage: :--after that, after (in) this manner, as, even (so), for all that, like(-wise), no more, on this fashion(-wise), so (in like manner), thus, what.
Strong's first: Matthew 5:12Strong's last: Revelation 16:18
Open full G3779 profile →ʻâsâh · aw-saw'
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
Strong's KJV usage: accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, × certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, feast, (fight-) ing man, finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, hinder, hold (a feast), × indeed, be industrious, journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, × sacrifice, serve, set, shew, × sin, spend, × surely, take, × thoroughly, trim, × very, vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use.
Strong's first: Numbers 5:4Strong's last: Isaiah 20:2
Open full H6213 profile →kaí · kahee
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
Strong's KJV usage: :--and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.
Strong's first: Matthew 7:12Strong's last: Revelation 17:3
Open full G2532 profile →oûn · oon
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
Strong's KJV usage: :--and (so, truly), but, now (then), so (likewise then), then, therefore, verily, wherefore.
Strong's first: Matthew 1:17Strong's last: Acts 28:9
Open full G3767 profile →dé · deh
but, and, etc.
Strong's KJV usage: :--also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).
Strong's first: Matthew 8:31Strong's last: 1 Corinthians 15:54
Open full G1161 profile →kagṓ · kag-o'
so also the dative case κἀμοί kam-oy', and accusative case κἀμέ kam-eh' and (or also, even, etc.) I, (to) me
Strong's KJV usage: :--(and, even, even so, so) I (also, in like wise), both me, me also.
Strong's first: John 10:15Strong's last: 2 Corinthians 11:22
Open full G2504 profile →naí · nahee
yes
Strong's KJV usage: :--even so, surely, truth, verily, yea, yes.
Strong's first: Matthew 11:26Strong's last: Revelation 22:20
Open full G3483 profile →ára · ar'-ah
a particle denoting an inference more or less decisive (as follows)
Strong's KJV usage: :--haply, (what) manner (of man), no doubt, perhaps, so be, then, therefore, truly, wherefore.
Strong's first: Romans 7:3Strong's last: Romans 14:12
Open full G686 profile →toûto · too'-to
that thing
Strong's KJV usage: :--here (-unto), it, partly, self(-same), so, that (intent), the same, there(-fore, -unto), this, thus, where(-fore).
Strong's first: John 20:20Strong's last: 1 Corinthians 7:37
Open full G5124 profile →hṓste · hoce'-teh
so too, i.e. thus therefore (in various relations of consecution, as follow)
Strong's KJV usage: :--(insomuch) as, so that (then), (insomuch) that, therefore, to, wherefore.
Strong's first: Matthew 13:32Strong's last: 1 Corinthians 7:38
Open full G5620 profile →kôh · ko
properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
Strong's KJV usage: also, here, hitherto, like, on the other side, so (and much), such, on that manner, (on) this (manner, side, way, way and that way), mean while, yonder.
Strong's first: Genesis 15:5Strong's last: Isaiah 18:4
Open full H3541 profile →hína · hin'-ah
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
Strong's KJV usage: :--albeit, because, to the intent (that), lest, so as, (so) that, (for) to.
Strong's first: Luke 20:20Strong's last: Revelation 13:13
Open full G2443 profile →tosoûtos · tos-oo'-tos
apparently from G3588 and G3739) and G3778 (including its variations); so vast as this, i.e. such (in quantity, amount, number of space)
Strong's KJV usage: :--as large, so great (long, many, much), these many.
Strong's first: Matthew 8:10Strong's last: John 14:9
Open full G5118 profile →kâkâh · kaw'-kaw
just so, referring to the previous or following context
Strong's KJV usage: after that (this) manner, this matter, (even) so, in such a case, thus.
Strong's first: Numbers 15:12Strong's last: Hosea 10:15
Open full H3602 profile →kên · kane
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)
Strong's KJV usage: after that (this, -ward, -wards), as... as, (for-) asmuch as yet, be (for which) cause, following, howbeit, in (the) like (manner, -wise), × the more, right, (even) so, state, straightway, such (thing), surely, there (where) -fore, this, thus, true, well, × you.
Strong's first: Genesis 1:7Strong's last: Ecclesiastes 8:10
Open full H3651 profile →mēdamōs · may-dam-oce'
by no means
Strong's KJV usage: :--not so.
Strong's first: Acts 10:14Strong's last: Acts 11:8
Open full G3365 profile →oudé · oo-deh'
not however, i.e. neither, nor, not even
Strong's KJV usage: :--neither (indeed), never, no (more, nor, not), nor (yet), (also, even, then) not (even, so much as), + nothing, so much as.
Strong's first: Luke 6:3Strong's last: Luke 18:13
Open full G3761 profile →hōs · hoce
which how, i.e. in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
Strong's KJV usage: :--about, after (that), (according) as (it had been, it were), as soon (as), even as (like), for, how (greatly), like (as, unto), since, so (that), that, to wit, unto, when(-soever), while, X with all speed.
Strong's first: Acts 20:24Strong's last: Hebrews 3:11
Open full G5613 profile →zôʼth · zothe'
this (often used adverb)
Strong's KJV usage: hereby (-in, -with), it, likewise, the one (other, same), she, so (much), such (deed), that, therefore, these, this (thing), thus.
Strong's first: Genesis 44:17Strong's last: Judges 19:24
Open full H2063 profile →raq · rak
properly, leanness, i.e. (figuratively) limitation; only adverbial, merely, or conjunctional, although
Strong's KJV usage: but, even, except, howbeit howsoever, at the least, nevertheless, nothing but, notwithstanding, only, save, so (that), surely, yet (so), in any wise.
Strong's first: 1 Kings 8:25Strong's last: 2 Chronicles 6:16
Open full H7535 profile →allá · al-lah'
properly, other things, i.e. (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
Strong's KJV usage: :--and, but (even), howbeit, indeed, nay, nevertheless, no, notwithstanding, save, therefore, yea, yet.
Strong's first: Mark 4:17Strong's last: Mark 4:17
Open full G235 profile →gínomai · ghin'-om-ahee
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e. (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
Strong's KJV usage: :--arise, be assembled, be(-come, -fall, -have self), be brought (to pass), (be) come (to pass), continue, be divided, draw, be ended, fall, be finished, follow, be found, be fulfilled, + God forbid, grow, happen, have, be kept, be made, be married, be ordained to be, partake, pass, be performed, be published, require, seem, be showed, X soon as it was, sound, be taken, be turned, use, wax, will, would, be wrought.
Strong's first: Matthew 18:13Strong's last: Matthew 18:13
Open full G1096 profile →eí per · i per
if perhaps
Strong's KJV usage: :--if so be (that), seeing, though.
Strong's first: 1 Corinthians 15:15Strong's last: 1 Corinthians 15:15
Open full G1512 profile →estí · es-tee'
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
Strong's KJV usage: :--are, be(-long), call, X can(-not), come, consisteth, X dure for a while, + follow, X have, (that) is (to say), make, meaneth, X must needs, + profit, + remaineth, + wrestle.
Strong's first: Matthew 3:15Strong's last: Matthew 3:15
Open full G2076 profile →éstō · es'-to
be thou; also ἔστωσαν es'-to-san, third person of the same; let them be
Strong's KJV usage: :--be.
Strong's first: 2 Corinthians 12:16Strong's last: 2 Corinthians 12:16
Open full G2077 profile →thélō · thel'-o
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas G1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations), i.e. choose or prefer (literally or figuratively); by implication, to wish, i.e. be inclined to (sometimes adverbially, gladly); impersonally for the future tense, to be about to; by Hebraism, to delight in
Strong's KJV usage: :--desire, be disposed (forward), intend, list, love, mean, please, have rather, (be) will (have, -ling, - ling(-ly)).
Strong's first: 1 Peter 3:17Strong's last: 1 Peter 3:17
Open full G2309 profile →kathṓs · kath-oce'
just (or inasmuch) as, that
Strong's KJV usage: :--according to, (according, even) as, how, when.
Strong's first: 1 John 2:6Strong's last: 1 John 2:6
Open full G2531 profile →mén · men
properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with G1161 (this one, the former, etc.)
Strong's KJV usage: :--even, indeed, so, some, truly, verily.
Strong's first: Acts 13:4Strong's last: Acts 13:4
Open full G3303 profile →homoíōs · hom-oy'-oce
similarly
Strong's KJV usage: :--likewise, so.
Strong's first: Luke 5:10Strong's last: Luke 5:10
Open full G3668 profile →hópōs · hop'-oce
what(-ever) how, i.e. in the manner that (as adverb or conjunction of coincidence, intentional or actual)
Strong's KJV usage: :--because, how, (so) that, to, when.
Strong's first: Luke 16:26Strong's last: Luke 16:26
Open full G3704 profile →taûta · tow'-tah
these things
Strong's KJV usage: :--+ afterward, follow, + hereafter, X him, the same, so, such, that, then, these, they, this, those, thus.
Strong's first: John 11:28Strong's last: John 11:28
Open full G5023 profile →tautá · tow-tah'
in the same way
Strong's KJV usage: :--even thus, (manner) like, so.
Strong's first: Luke 6:26Strong's last: Luke 6:26
Open full G5024 profile →té · teh
both or also (properly, as correlation of G2532)
Strong's KJV usage: :--also, and, both, even, then, whether.
Strong's first: Acts 15:39Strong's last: Acts 15:39
Open full G5037 profile →hōsaútōs · ho-sow'-toce
as thus, i.e. in the same way
Strong's KJV usage: :--even so, likewise, after the same (in like) manner.
Strong's first: 1 Timothy 3:11Strong's last: 1 Timothy 3:11
Open full G5615 profile →ʼêl-leh · ale'-leh
these or those
Strong's KJV usage: an-(the) other; one sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those, thus, which, who(-m).
Strong's first: Deuteronomy 22:5Strong's last: Deuteronomy 22:5
Open full H428 profile →ʼăsher · ash-er'
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
Strong's KJV usage: × after, × alike, as (soon as), because, × every, for, + forasmuch, + from whence, + how(-soever), × if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), × though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where (+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, + whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection.
Strong's first: Isaiah 24:2Strong's last: Isaiah 24:2
Open full H834 profile →bôwʼ · bo
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
Strong's KJV usage: abide, apply, attain, × be, befall, besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, × certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out, upon, to pass), depart, × doubtless again, eat, employ, (cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be fallen, fetch, follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war), grant, have, × indeed, (in-) vade, lead, lift (up), mention, pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, × (well) stricken (in age), × surely, take (in), way.
Strong's first: Jeremiah 52:5Strong's last: Jeremiah 52:5
Open full H935 profile →gam · gam
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
Strong's KJV usage: again, alike, also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and, but, either...or, even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover, nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea.
Strong's first: Genesis 32:19Strong's last: Genesis 32:19
Open full H1571 profile →dâbâr · daw-baw'
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
Strong's KJV usage: act, advice, affair, answer, × any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case, cause, certain rate, chronicles, commandment, × commune(-ication), concern(-ing), confer, counsel, dearth, decree, deed, × disease, due, duty, effect, eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-) ness, glory, harm, hurt, iniquity, judgment, language, lying, manner, matter, message, (no) thing, oracle, × ought, × parts, pertaining, please, portion, power, promise, provision, purpose, question, rate, reason, report, request, × (as hast) said, sake, saying, sentence, sign, so, some (uncleanness), somewhat to say, song, speech, × spoken, talk, task, that, × there done, thing (concerning), thought, thus, tidings, what(-soever), wherewith, which, word, work.
Strong's first: 1 Samuel 9:21Strong's last: 1 Samuel 9:21
Open full H1697 profile →hâyâh · haw-yaw
to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
Strong's KJV usage: beacon, × altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, follow, happen, × have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, × use.
Strong's first: Judges 19:30Strong's last: Judges 19:30
Open full H1961 profile →hêm · haym
they (only used when emphatic)
Strong's KJV usage: it, like, × (how, so) many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, × so, × such, their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye.
Strong's first: Ecclesiastes 9:12Strong's last: Ecclesiastes 9:12
Open full H1992 profile →kᵉnêmâʼ · ken-ay-maw'
so or thus
Strong's KJV usage: so, (in) this manner (sort), thus.
Strong's first: Ezra 6:13Strong's last: Ezra 6:13
Open full H3660 profile →mᵉʼôd · meh-ode'
properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated)
Strong's KJV usage: diligently, especially, exceeding(-ly), far, fast, good, great(-ly), × louder and louder, might(-ily, -y), (so) much, quickly, (so) sore, utterly, very ( much, sore), well.
Strong's first: 1 Kings 17:17Strong's last: 1 Kings 17:17
Open full H3966 profile →Çôwʼ · so
So, an Egyptian king
Strong's KJV usage: So.
Strong's first: 2 Kings 17:4Strong's last: 2 Kings 17:4
Open full H5471 profile →râmâh · raw-maw'
to hurl; specifically, to shoot; figuratively, to delude or betray (as if causing to fall)
Strong's KJV usage: beguile, betray, (bow-) man, carry, deceive, throw.
Strong's first: 1 Samuel 19:17Strong's last: 1 Samuel 19:17
Open full H7411 profile →shûwb · shoob
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
Strong's KJV usage: ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) × again, (cause to) answer ( again), × in any case (wise), × at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, × certainly, come again (back), × consider, continually, convert, deliver (again), deny, draw back, fetch home again, × fro, get (oneself) (back) again, × give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, × needs, be past, × pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, × surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.
Strong's first: 1 Kings 12:16Strong's last: 1 Kings 12:16
Open full H7725 profile →Strong's data is a concordance/lexical reference layer. Scripture context controls interpretation. Lexical source data is shown separately from future TWBC editorial teaching.
96 occurrences match the current filters. Each row keeps its exact KJV token position so Original Word and TSK remain occurrence-specific.
So when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: to your tents, O Israel: now see to thine own house, David. So Israel departed unto their tents.
So Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day.
And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made.
So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Bethel the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt incense.
And it came to pass, when king Jeroboam heard the saying of the man of God, which had cried against the altar in Bethel, that he put forth his hand from the altar, saying, Lay hold on him. And his hand, which he put forth against him, dried up, so that he could not pull it in again to him.
For so was it charged me by the word of the LORD, saying, Eat no bread, nor drink water, nor turn again by the same way that thou camest.
So he went another way, and returned not by the way that he came to Bethel.
And he said unto his sons, Saddle me the ass. So they saddled him the ass: and he rode thereon,
So he went back with him, and did eat bread in his house, and drank water.
And Jeroboam's wife did so, and arose, and went to Shiloh, and came to the house of Ahijah. But Ahijah could not see; for his eyes were set by reason of his age.
And it was so, when Ahijah heard the sound of her feet, as she came in at the door, that he said, Come in, thou wife of Jeroboam; why feignest thou thyself to be another? for I am sent to thee with heavy tidings.
And it was so, when the king went into the house of the LORD, that the guard bare them, and brought them back into the guard chamber.
So Benhadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of the hosts which he had against the cities of Israel, and smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abelbethmaachah, and all Cinneroth, with all the land of Naphtali.
So Baasha slept with his fathers, and was buried in Tirzah: and Elah his son reigned in his stead.
But the people that followed Omri prevailed against the people that followed Tibni the son of Ginath: so Tibni died, and Omri reigned.
So Omri slept with his fathers, and was buried in Samaria: and Ahab his son reigned in his stead.
So he went and did according unto the word of the LORD: for he went and dwelt by the brook Cherith, that is before Jordan.
So he arose and went to Zarephath. And when he came to the gate of the city, behold, the widow woman was there gathering of sticks: and he called to her, and said, Fetch me, I pray thee, a little water in a vessel, that I may drink.
And it came to pass after these things, that the son of the woman, the mistress of the house, fell sick; and his sickness was so sore, that there was no breath left in him.
For it was so, when Jezebel cut off the prophets of the LORD, that Obadiah took an hundred prophets, and hid them by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water.)
So they divided the land between them to pass throughout it: Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way by himself.
And it shall come to pass, as soon as I am gone from thee, that the Spirit of the LORD shall carry thee whither I know not; and so when I come and tell Ahab, and he cannot find thee, he shall slay me: but I thy servant fear the LORD from my youth.
So Obadiah went to meet Ahab, and told him: and Ahab went to meet Elijah.
So Ahab sent unto all the children of Israel, and gathered the prophets together unto mount Carmel.
So Ahab went up to eat and to drink. And Elijah went up to the top of Carmel; and he cast himself down upon the earth, and put his face between his knees,
Dictionary data is kept visibly separate from Scripture and from lexical Strong's data.
SO, adverb [Latin sic, contracted. It is from some root signifying to set, to still, and this sense is retained in the use of the word by milkmaids, who say to cows, so so that is, stand still, remain as you are; and in this use, the word may be the original verb.]
1. In like manner, answering to as, and noting comparison or resemblance; as with the people, so with the priest.
2. In such a degree; to that degree. Why is his chariot so long in coming? Judges 5:28.
3. In such a manner; sometimes repeated, so and so; as certain colors, mingled so and so
4. It is followed by as. There is something equivalent in France and Scotland; so as it is a hard calumny upon our soil to affirm that so excellent a fruit will not grow here. But in like phrases, we now use that; 'so that it is a hard calumny; ' and this may be considered as the extablished usage.
5. In the smae manner. Use your tutor with great respect, and cause all your family to do so too.
6. Thus; in this manner; as New York so called from the duke of York. I know not why it is, but so it is. It concerns every man, with the greatest seriousness, to inquire whether theese thing are so or not.
7. Therefore; thus; for this reason; in consequence of this or that. It leaves instruction, and so instructors, to the sobriety fo the settled articles of the church. God makes him in own image an intelectual creature, and so capable of dominion. This statute made the clipping of coin hign treason, which it was not at common law; so that this was an enlarging staute.
8. On these terms, noting a conditional petition. Here then exchange we mutually forgiveness; so may the guilt of all my broken vows, my perjuries to thee be all forgotten. so here might be expressed by thus, that is, in this manner, by this mutual forgiveness.
9. Provided that; on condition that, [Latin modo.] so the doctrine by but wholesome and edifying though there should be a want of exactness in the manner of speaking and resoning, it may be overlooked. I care not who furnishes the means, so they are furnished.
10. In like manner, noting the concession of one proposition of fact and the assumption of another; answering to as. As a war should be undertaken upon a just motive, so a prince ought to consider the condition he is in when he enters on it.
11. so often expresses the sense of a word or sentence going before. In this case it prevents a repetition, and may be considered as a substitute for the word or phrase. 'France is highly cultivated, but England is more so ' that is, more highly cultivated.
12. Thus; thus it is; this is the state. How sorrow shakes him! so now the tempest tears him up by th' roots.
13. Well; the fact being such. And so the work is done, is it?
14. It is sometimes used to express a certain degree, implying comparison, and yet without the corresponding word as, to render the degree definite. An astringent is not quite so proper, where relaxing the urinary passages is necessary.
15. It is sometimes equivalent to be it so let it be so let it be as it is, or in that manner. There is Percy; if your father will do me any honor, so; if not, let him kill the next Percy himself.
16. It expresses a wish, desire or petition. Ready are the appellant and defendant- so please your highness to behold the fight.
17. so much as, however much. Instead of so we now generally use as; as much as, that much; whatever the quantity may be.
18. so so or so repeated, used as a kind of exclamation; equivalent to well, well; or it is so the thing is done. so so it works; now, mistress, sit you fast.
19. so so much as it was; indifferently; not well not much amiss. His leg is but so so
20. so then, thus then it is; therefore; the consequence is. so then the Volscians stand; but as at first ready, when time shall prompt them, to make road upon's again.
Noah Webster, An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). A conservative base-form lookup may be used when the exact inflected KJV form is not a Webster headword.
Curated TWBC teaching will remain a separate editorial layer. Raw source data is never silently rewritten to force a doctrinal conclusion.